Impact Of Mergers And Acquisition On Corporate Performance

An evaluative study on the impact of mergers and acquisition on corporate performance/profitability/efficiency Merger is a process in which to firms can mix their business to perform to a good level or to achieve a goal which either of these firms are not able to achieve alone. Mergers can take place on the same industry as well as in the different industries. It may b horizontal, vertical, conglomerate merger based on the nature of the business and the way the businesses are merging and the relevant and non-relevant industries. Acquisition is a process in which firm basically acquires the operation, management or the complete corporation. Acquisition may be friendly and may b hostile depending on the nature of transaction. Both mergers and acquisition may have impact on the performance of the organization after the occurring of the transaction. Impact may be positive as well as negative on corporate performance based on different factors in different economies. Mergers and acquisition have a both positive and negative impacts on a firm s financial performance or on its profitability. Firm may be in manufacturing sector or it may b service sector, but whenever the transaction of merger and acquisition takes place it effects the performance. In Africa Bank s financial performance effects after the mergers takes place and the firm s financial performance comprises or checked by Liquidity ratios, Performance ratios(ROA ROE), and Investment valuation(EPS). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Internal Control On Mergers And Acquisitions Essay802 Words   |  4 Pageslittle evidence on impact of internal control on mergers and acquisitions (MA). This paper examine the relationship between internal control quality and MA performance. Specially, this paper takes a look whether or not internal control impact differently on the performance of three types of MA: horizontal mergers, vertical mergers and conglomerate mergers. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act and Corporate and Auditing AccountabilityRead MoreEffects on Mergers and Acquisitions on Bank Growth1247 Words   |  5 PagesEFFECTS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON BUSINESS GROWTH: CASE STUDY OF SOCIÉTÉ GÉNÉRALE - SOCIAL SECURITY BANK LTD (SG-SSB) CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Chief Executive Officers and the Board of Directors of most businesses often think about the growth of their businesses. The reason is that when businesses grow, they yield the best returns other things being equal. Mergers and acquisitions is one of theRead MoreBusiness Analysis : M A3157 Words   |  13 Pagesformation of firms as a mechanism of integration, which enables individuals to develop an enterprise and to combine capital and expertise from different individuals. Mergers, especially the mega-mergers, change the market structure. Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) have unparalleled capability to transform firm and supplement corporate renewal. Research in MA has been done taking into consideration a multitude of disciplines, e.g. finance, economics, law, business, strategy formulation, organizationRead MoreMechanics of Mergers Acquisitions1662 Words   |  7 PagesMECHANICS OF MERGERS ACQUISITIONS    Change is ubiquitous in contemporary society, and nowhere more so than in the operations of the large-scale, public corporation. Dramatic changes are underway, not only in the structure of corporate activity in areas such as the nature of work and the nature of organizational form, but also in the product and financial markets and the regulatory environment within which corporations operate. The depth and rapidity of these changes compel a reassessment ofRead MoreEnterprise Architecture : The Structure And Operation Of The Organization1564 Words   |  7 Pagesof the organization. The intent of Enterprise Architecture is to determine how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives. Enterprise Architecture is management and technology practice devoted to improve the performance of enterprise by enabling them to see themselves in terms of a holistic and integrated view of their strategic direction, business practices, information flows and technology resources. It is a rigorous approach for describing the structure of anRead MoreControl of the Corporation, Mergers and Acquisitions1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Agency Problem and Control of the Corporation, Mergers and Acquisitions The Agency Problem and Control of the Corporation Corporate managers are the agents of shareholders. This relation creates a problem for shareholders who must find ways to induce managers to pursue shareholders interests. Financial managers do act in the best interest of the shareholders by taking action to increase the stock value. However, in large corporations ownership can be spread over a huge number of stockholdersRead MoreHow Mergers And Acquisition Affect Financial Performance1170 Words   |  5 Pagesreport will focus on analysis what kind of impact will affect companies’ financial performance and its value through companies’ mergers and acquisition in technology industry. This article will use a variety of ways for detailed analysis of how Mergers and acquisition affect financial performance, such as use the financial ratio to analysis corporate performance. Then use the PESTEL theory to analysis whether companies can benefit from Mergers and acquisition. Rational for chosen industry and companiesRead MoreThe Different Merger Strategies Employed By Acquirers1448 Words   |  6 PagesCritically examine the different merger strategies employed by acquirers Today’s business world hosts a phenomenon, a way to expand business activities by consolidating or buying another company, so called Mergers or Acquisitions (MA’s). MA’s is a corporate strategy that was introduced in the 1960s. It has experienced ‘waves’ of popularity and success while at the same time suffered criticism due to numerous failures. In today s global, competitive environment, mergers are sometimes the only meansRead MoreImpact of Acquisition on Employees Performance: A case Study of RBS818 Words   |  4 PagesAfter acquisition of any firm/ organization management need to motivate their employees and make them feel satisfied about their jobs, if the employees feel satisfied they perform their duties efficiently and when acquired firm’s employee performed best it directly affect the acquired firm’s performance. Motivation is very necessary in any field when an employee get motivated they perform their duty with the best of their knowledge and try to work hard. According to different researcher there areRead MoreTo What Extent Does a Mature and Cyclical Product Market Drive Corporate Restructuring? Use an Example to Discuss Whether Restructuring Transforms Market and Financial Performance.1669 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes a mature and cyclical product market drive corporate restructuring? Use an example to discuss whether restructuring transforms market and financial performance. A business, which has a product that runs in a cyclical and mature market, will eventually not have the ability to ‘grow’ anymore as it will reached the ‘top’. Therefore to continue making its business profitable, increase shareholder value and work more effectively they under go corporate restructuring. This is a process used in all

Their Eyes Were Watching God - 874 Words

Folklorist, anthropologist, playwright, and novelist, Zora Neale Hurston s career took off after publishing, what is, today, her most famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. Unlike any other work at the time, the dialect in her novels portrayed how African-Americans speak in the deep south. Set in Southern Florida, the heroine Janie, is thought to have been modeled after Hurston, herself, if she had chose to stay in her hometown of Eatonville instead of going to college. In the novel, Janie is unable to develop a life as a New Woman through much of her adulthood due to the geographical area she lived in, basic education, financial state, grandmother s values, history of slavery, and her marriage to Joe Sparks. Hurston, on the other hand, was able to develop her life as a New Woman due to her access to higher education, financial state, and support from her mother. Southern Florida, the region where Janie lives, is one of the main reasons in why she is unable to develop a life as a New Woman through much of her adulthood. Growing up in a rural area, she did not have access to higher education. For most New Women, education was a critical part of their life, as this is where they learned new ideas and valuable skills for a possible vocation. Janie s financial state also contributes to her lack of development into the New Woman through most of her adulthood. Without access to higher education, she is unable to become financially independent, which was important forShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiver searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realized true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eye s Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emotionalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreWhose eyes were watching God?1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhose eyes were watching God? In the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey manipulates events that happened in the book by Zora Neale Hurston. Oprah morphs many relationships in the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God. She changes the role of gender, and also makes changes in Janie’s character strength. Oprah also changes the symbolism in the movie to where some important symbols in the book change to less important roles. Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

Chapter 4 Back to the Burrow Free Essays

By twelve o’clock the next day, Harry’s school trunk was packed with his school things and all his most prized possessions – the Invisibility Cloak he had inherited from his father, the broomstick he had gotten from Sirius, the enchanted map of Hogwarts he had been given by Fred and George Weasley last year. He had emptied his hiding place under the loose floorboard of all food, double-checked every nook and cranny of his bedroom for forgotten spellbooks or quills, and taken down the chart on the wall counting down the days to September the first, on which he liked to cross off the days remaining until his return to Hogwarts. The atmosphere inside number four, Privet Drive was extremely tense. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 4 Back to the Burrow or any similar topic only for you Order Now The imminent arrival at their house of an assortment of wizards was making the Dursleys uptight and irritable. Uncle Vernon had looked downright alarmed when Harry informed him that the Weasleys would be arriving at five o’clock the very next day. â€Å"I hope you told them to dress properly, these people,† he snarled at once. â€Å"I’ve seen the sort of stuff your lot wear. They’d better have the decency to put on normal clothes, that’s all.† Harry felt a slight sense of foreboding. He had rarely seen Mr. or Mrs. Weasley wearing anything that the Dursleys would call â€Å"normal.† Their children might don Muggle clothing during the holidays, but Mr. and Mrs. Weasley usually wore long robes in varying states of shabbiness. Harry wasn’t bothered about what the neighbors would think, but he was anxious about how rude the Dursleys might be to the Weasleys if they turned up looking like their worst idea of wizards. Uncle Vernon had put on his best suit. To some people, this might have looked like a gesture of welcome, but Harry knew it was because Uncle Vernon wanted to look impressive and intimidating. Dudley, on the other hand, looked somehow diminished. This was not because the diet was at last taking effect, but due to fright. Dudley had emerged from his last encounter with a fully grown wizard with a curly pig’s tail poking out of the seat of his trousers, and Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon had had to pay for its removal at a private hospital in London. It wasn’t altogether surprising, therefore, that Dudley kept running his hand nervously over his backside, and walking sideways from room to room, so as not to present the same target to the enemy. Lunch was an almost silent meal. Dudley didn’t even protest at the food (cottage cheese and grated celery). Aunt Petunia wasn’t, eating anything at all. Her arms were folded, her lips were pursed, and she seemed to be chewing her tongue, as though biting back the furious diatribe she longed to throw at Harry. â€Å"They’ll be driving, of course?† Uncle Vernon barked across the table. â€Å"Er,† said Harry. He hadn’t thought of that. How were the Weasleys going to pick him up? They didn’t have a car anymore; the old Ford Anglia they had once owned was currently running wild in the Forbidden Forest at Hogwarts. But Mr. Weasley had borrowed a Ministry of Magic car last year; possibly he would do the same today? â€Å"I think so,† said Harry. Uncle Vernon snorted into his mustache. Normally, Uncle Vernon would have asked what car Mr. Weasley drove; he tended to judge other men by how big and expensive their cars were. But Harry doubted whether Uncle Vernon would have taken to Mr. Weasley even if he drove a Ferrari. Harry spent most of the afternoon in his bedroom; he couldn’t stand watching Aunt Petunia peer out through the net curtains every few seconds, as though there had been a warning about an escaped rhinoceros. Finally, at a quarter to five, Harry went back downstairs and into the living room. Aunt Petunia was compulsively straightening cushions. Uncle Vernon was pretending to read the paper, but his tiny eyes were not moving, and Harry was sure he was really listening with all his might for the sound of an approaching car. Dudley was crammed into an armchair, his porky hands beneath him, clamped firmly around his bottom. Harry couldn’t take the tension; he left the room and went and sat on the stairs in the hall, his eyes on his watch and his heart pumping fast from excitement and nerves. But five o’clock came and then went. Uncle Vernon, perspiring slightly in his suit, opened the front door, peered up and down the street, then withdrew his head quickly. â€Å"They’re late!† he snarled at Harry. â€Å"I know,† said Harry. â€Å"Maybe – er – the traffic’s bad, or something.† Ten past five†¦then a quarter past five†¦Harry was starting to feel anxious himself now. At half past, he heard Uncle Vernon and Aunt Petunia conversing in terse mutters in the living room. â€Å"No consideration at all.† â€Å"We might’ve had an engagement.† â€Å"Maybe they think they’ll get invited to dinner if they’re late.† â€Å"Well, they most certainly won’t be,† said Uncle Vernon, and Harry heard him stand up and start pacing the living room. â€Å"They’ll take the boy and go, there’ll be no hanging around. That’s if they’re coming at all. Probably mistaken the day. I daresay their kind don’t set much store by punctuality. Either that or they drive some tin-pot car that’s broken d -AAAAAAAARRRRRGH!† Harry jumped up. From the other side of the living room door came the sounds of the three Dursleys scrambling, panic-stricken, across the room. Next moment Dudley came flying into the hall, looking terrified. â€Å"What happened?† said Harry. â€Å"What’s the matter?† But Dudley didn’t seem able to speak. Hands still clamped over his buttocks, he waddled as fast as he could into the kitchen. Harry hurried into the living room. Loud bangings and scrapings were coming from behind the Dursleys’ boarded-up fireplace, which had a fake coal fire plugged in front of it. â€Å"What is it?† gasped Aunt Petunia, who had backed into the wall and was staring, terrified, toward the fire. â€Å"What is it, Vernon?† But they were left in doubt barely a second longer. Voices could be heard from inside the blocked fireplace. â€Å"Ouch! Fred, no – go back, go back, there’s been some kind of mistake – tell George not to – OUCH! George, no, there’s no room, go back quickly and tell Ron -â€Å" â€Å"Maybe Harry can hear us, Dad – maybe he’ll be able to let us out -â€Å" There was a loud hammering of fists on the boards behind the electric fire. â€Å"Harry? Harry, can you hear us?† The Dursleys rounded on Harry like a pair of angry wolverines. â€Å"What is this?† growled Uncle Vernon. â€Å"What’s going on?† â€Å"They – they’ve tried to get here by Floo powder,† said Harry, fighting a mad desire to laugh. â€Å"They can travel by fire – only you’ve blocked the fireplace – hang on -â€Å" He approached the fireplace and called through the boards. â€Å"Mr. Weasley? Can you hear me?† The hammering stopped. Somebody inside the chimney piece said, â€Å"Shh!† â€Å"Mr. Weasley, it’s Harry†¦the fireplace has been blocked up. You won’t be able to get through there.† â€Å"Damn!† said Mr. Weasley’s voice. â€Å"What on earth did they want to block up the fireplace for?† â€Å"They’ve got an electric fire,† Harry explained. â€Å"Really?† said Mr. Weasley’s voice excitedly. â€Å"Eclectic, you say? With a plug? Gracious, I must see that†¦.Let’s think†¦Ouch, Ron!† Ron’s voice now joined the others’. â€Å"What are we doing here? Has something gone wrong?† â€Å"Oh no, Ron,† came Fred’s voice, very sarcastically. â€Å"No, this is exactly where we wanted to end up.† â€Å"Yeah, we’re having the time of our lives here,† said George, whose voice sounded muffled, as though he was squashed against the wall. â€Å"Boys, boys†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Mr. Weasley vaguely. â€Å"I’m trying to think what to do†¦.Yes†¦only way†¦Stand back, Harry.† Harry retreated to the sofa. Uncle Vernon, however, moved forward. â€Å"Wait a moment!† he bellowed at the fire. â€Å"What exactly are you going to -â€Å" BANG. The electric fire shot across the room as the boarded-up fireplace burst outward, expelling Mr. Weasley, Fred, George, and Ron in a cloud of rubble and loose chippings. Aunt Petunia shrieked and fell backward over the coffee table; Uncle Vernon caught her before she hit the floor, and gaped, speechless, at the Weasleys, all of whom had bright red hair, including Fred and George, who were identical to the last freckle. â€Å"That’s better,† panted Mr. Weasley, brushing dust from his long green robes and straightening his glasses. â€Å"Ah – you must be Harry’s aunt and uncle!† Tall, thin, and balding, he moved toward Uncle Vernon, his hand outstretched, but Uncle Vernon backed away several paces, dragging Aunt Petunia. Words utterly failed Uncle Vernon. His best suit was covered in white dust, which had settled in his hair and mustache and made him look as though he had just aged thirty years. â€Å"Er – yes – sorry about that,† said Mr. Weasley, lowering his hand and looking over his shoulder at the blasted fireplace. â€Å"It’s all my fault. It just didn’t occur to me that we wouldn’t be able to get out at the other end. I had your fireplace connected to the Floo Network, you see – just for an afternoon, you know, so we could get Harry. Muggle fireplaces aren’t supposed to be connected, strictly speaking – but I’ve got a useful contact at the Floo Regulation Panel and he fixed it for me. I can put it right in a jiffy, though, don’t worry. I’ll light a fire to send the boys back, and then I can repair your fireplace before I Disapparate.† Harry was ready to bet that the Dursleys hadn’t understood a single word of this. They were still gaping at Mr. Weasley, thunderstruck. Aunt Petunia staggered upright again and hid behind Uncle Vernon. â€Å"Hello, Harry!† said Mr. Weasley brightly. â€Å"Got your trunk ready?† â€Å"It’s upstairs,† said Harry, grinning back. â€Å"We’ll get it,† said Fred at once. Winking at Harry, he and George left the room. They knew where Harry’s bedroom was, having once rescued him from it in the dead of night. Harry suspected that Fred and George were hoping for a glimpse of Dudley; they had heard a lot about him from Harry. â€Å"Well,† said Mr. Weasley, swinging his arms slightly, while he tried to find words to break the very nasty silence. â€Å"Very – erm – very nice place you’ve got here.† As the usually spotless living room was now covered in dust and bits of brick, this remark didn’t go down too well with the Dursleys. Uncle Vernon’s face purpled once more, and Aunt Petunia started chewing her tongue again. However, they seemed too scared to actually say anything. Mr. Weasley was looking around. He loved everything to do with Muggles. Harry could see him itching to go and examine the television and the video recorder. â€Å"They run off eckeltricity, do they?† he said knowledgeably. â€Å"Ah yes, I can see the plugs. I collect plugs,† he added to Uncle Vernon. â€Å"And batteries. Got a very large collection of batteries. My wife thinks I’m mad, but there you are.† Uncle Vernon clearly thought Mr. Weasley was mad too. He moved ever so slightly to the right, screening Aunt Petunia from view, as though he thought Mr. Weasley might suddenly run at them and attack. Dudley suddenly reappeared in the room. Harry could hear the clunk of his trunk on the stairs, and knew that the sounds had scared Dudley out of the kitchen. Dudley edged along the wall, gazing at Mr. Weasley with terrified eyes, and attempted to conceal himself behind his mother and father. Unfortunately, Uncle Vernon’s bulk, while sufficient to hide bony Aunt Petunia, was nowhere near enough to conceal Dudley. â€Å"Ah, this is your cousin, is it, Harry?† said Mr. Weasley, taking another brave stab at making conversation. â€Å"Yep,† said Harry, â€Å"that’s Dudley.† He and Ron exchanged glances and then quickly looked away from each other; the temptation to burst out laughing was almost overwhelming. Dudley was still clutching his bottom as though afraid it might fall off. Mr. Weasley, however, seemed genuinely concerned at Dudley’s peculiar behavior. Indeed, from the tone of his voice when he next spoke, Harry was quite sure that Mr. Weasley thought Dudley was quite as mad as the Dursleys thought he was, except that Mr. Weasley felt sympathy rather than fear. â€Å"Having a good holiday, Dudley?† he said kindly. Dudley whimpered. Harry saw his hands tighten still harder over his massive backside. Fred and George came back into the room carrying Harry’s school trunk. They glanced around as they entered and spotted Dudley. Their faces cracked into identical evil grins. â€Å"Ah, right,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Better get cracking then.† He pushed up the sleeves of his robes and took out his wand. Harry saw the Dursleys draw back against the wall as one. â€Å"Incendio!† said Mr. Weasley, pointing his wand at the hole in the wall behind him. Flames rose at once in the fireplace, crackling merrily as though they had been burning for hours. Mr. Weasley took a small drawstring bag from his pocket, untied it, took a pinch of the powder inside, and threw it onto the flames, which turned emerald green and roared higher than ever. â€Å"Off you go then, Fred,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Coming,† said Fred. â€Å"Oh no – hang on -â€Å" A bag of sweets had spilled out of Fred’s pocket and the contents were now rolling in every direction – big, fat toffees in brightly colored wrappers. Fred scrambled around, cramming them back into his pocket, then gave the Dursleys a cheery wave, stepped forward, and walked right into the fire, saying â€Å"the Burrow!† Aunt Petunia gave a little shuddering gasp. There was a whooshing sound, and Fred vanished. â€Å"Right then, George,† said Mr. Weasley, â€Å"you and the trunk.† Harry helped George carry the trunk forward into the flames and turn it onto its end so that he could hold it better. Then, with a second whoosh, George had cried â€Å"the Burrow!† and vanished too. â€Å"Ron, you next,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"See you,† said Ron brightly to the Dursleys. He grinned broadly at Harry, then stepped into the fire, shouted â€Å"the Burrow!† and disappeared. Now Harry and Mr. Weasley alone remained. â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢bye then,† Harry said to the Dursleys. They didn’t say anything at all. Harry moved toward the fire, but just as he reached the edge of the hearth, Mr. Weasley put out a hand and held him back. He was looking at the Dursleys in amazement. â€Å"Harry said good-bye to you,† he said. â€Å"Didn’t you hear him?† â€Å"It doesn’t matter,† Harry muttered to Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Honestly, I don’t care.† Mr. Weasley did not remove his hand from Harry’s shoulder. â€Å"You aren’t going to see your nephew till next summer,† he said to Uncle Vernon in mild indignation. â€Å"Surely you’re going to say good-bye?† Uncle Vernon’s face worked furiously. The idea of being taught consideration by a man who had just blasted away half his living room wall seemed to be causing him intense suffering. But Mr. Weasley’s wand was still in his hand, and Uncle Vernon’s tiny eyes darted to it once, before he said, very resentfully, â€Å"Good-bye, then.† â€Å"See you,† said Harry, putting one foot forward into the green flames, which felt pleasantly like warm breath. At that moment, however, a horrible gagging sound erupted behind him, and Aunt Petunia started to scream. Harry wheeled around. Dudley was no longer standing behind his parents. He was kneeling beside the coffee table, and he was gagging and sputtering on a foot-long, purple, slimy thing that was protruding from his mouth. One bewildered second later, Harry realized that the foot-long thing was Dudley’s tongue – and that a brightly colored toffee wrapper lay on the floor before him. Aunt Petunia hurled herself onto the ground beside Dudley, seized the end of his swollen tongue, and attempted to wrench it out of his mouth; unsurprisingly, Dudley yelled and sputtered worse than ever, trying to fight her off. Uncle Vernon was bellowing and waving his arms around, and Mr. Weasley had to shout to make himself heard. â€Å"Not to worry, I can sort him out!† he yelled, advancing on Dudley with his wand outstretched, but Aunt Petunia screamed worse than ever and threw herself on top of Dudley, shielding him from Mr. Weasley. â€Å"No, really!† said Mr. Weasley desperately. â€Å"It’s a simple process it was the toffee – my son Fred – real practical joker – but it’s only an Engorgement Charm – at least, I think it is – please, I can correct it -â€Å" But far from being reassured, the Dursleys became more panic- stricken; Aunt Petunia was sobbing hysterically, tugging Dudley’s tongue as though determined to rip it out; Dudley appeared to be suffocating under the combined pressure of his mother and his tongue; and Uncle Vernon, who had lost control completely, seized a china figure from on top of the sideboard and threw it very hard at Mr. Weasley, who ducked, causing the ornament to shatter in the blasted fireplace. â€Å"Now really!† said Mr. Weasley angrily, brandishing his wand. â€Å"I’m trying to help!† Bellowing like a wounded hippo, Uncle Vernon snatched up another ornament. â€Å"Harry, go! Just go!† Mr. Weasley shouted, his wand on Uncle Vernon. â€Å"I’ll sort this out!† Harry didn’t want to miss the fun, but Uncle Vernon’s second ornament narrowly missed his left ear, and on balance he thought it best to leave the situation to Mr. Weasley. He stepped into the fire, looking over his shoulder as he said â€Å"the Burrow!† His last fleeting glimpse of the living room was of Mr. Weasley blasting a third ornament out of Uncle Vernon’s hand with his wand, Aunt Petunia screaming and lying on top of Dudley, and Dudley’s tongue lolling around like a great slimy python. But next moment Harry had begun to spin very fast, and the Dursleys’ living room was whipped out of sight in a rush of emerald-green flames. How to cite Chapter 4 Back to the Burrow, Essay examples

Decrease Overall Average Costs Associated †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Decrease Overall Average Costs Associated? Answer: Introducation Economies of scale refer to the advantages that accrue to a company due to the increase in the scale of production. The overall aim of expanding production is to increase output with a decrease in the overall average costs associated. The low costs enable the firm to operate in production efficiency which allows them competitive advantage in production. This allows for lower prices and higher profits in turn since the costs of production are low. Since in the long run all factors of production are varied, there are no fixed or variable costs. Therefore the benefits of economies of scale can only be experienced in the long run. The long run cost curve represents the economies of scale. When the curve slopes downwards, there are decreasing returns to scale, when the LRAC is 1 there are constant returns to scale and when the LRAC has a positive gradient there are increasing returns to scale. Returns to scale means the rate at which the marginal cost increases relative to the unit output produced. The LRAC is drawn based on the areas of tangency between the SRAC and the LRAC. There are internal and external economies of scale which are derived from the long term growth of the firm itself. For example learning by doing, specialization, monopsony power and networks created. Also the firm derives managerial economies of scale through increased investment in human capital. Also there are external economies of scale that include better research and development as well as a logistics network. These are benefits that occur outside a firm but within the industry. Diseconomies of Scale Diseconomies of scale occur when the marginal costs of producing output are higher than the actual profits that are obtained from the increase in production scale. When the LRAC slopes upwards, the diseconomies of scale begin increasing. Some examples of the diseconomies of scale compose of administrative issues, medical care as well as insurance for the employees that were engaged in order to increase the scale of production. ZTL limited is a car garage and repair company that has been in business for the last 5 years. Initially the company had three main workers but as time grew it had to hire more employees. The company was able to satisfy more clients and grow its revenues. It however was important for the company to hire more management employees in order to deal with the HR issues of the employees. Income elasticity of demand refers to how sensible the quantity demanded of a specific good is to any change in real income of consumers accounting purchase the good, with the other factors remaining constant. The formula for calculating income elasticity of demand is simple. It is found by dividing the percentage change in the quantity demanded by the percentage change in income (Khan 2012). Income elasticity of demand is often used to establish if a specific good represents a luxury or a necessity depending on its values or type. A positive income elasticity of demand represent normal, or necessity goods as the value is between zero and one and consumers will purchase them regardless of the change in their real income, for example, electricity and water. A negative income elasticity of demand, on the other hand, represents inferior goods and their demand decreases as the consumer real income increases for example margarine, a cheaper substitute for butter. The income elasticity of demand linked to luxury goods in greater than one and consumers purchase depending on how much their real income changes, for example, designer cars and jewelry. Cross price elasticity of demand evaluates how much change the demand for a specific good will experience as a result of a change in the price of another good. Cross-price elasticity of demand looks at the connection between two products, good or service by capturing the response of the quantity required for one product to an alteration in the price of another product. Its formula is equal to the percentage change in the quantity demanded of product A divided by the percentage change in the price of product B (Deaton 1987). A negative cross-price elasticity of demand represents complementary products; for example, if the demand for cars increases then the demand for fuel of increases and if the price of the complement decreases then the demand for the other good will go up. A positive cross-price elasticity of demand, on the other hand, represents two substitute products. For instance, if there is an increase in the price of coffee then consumers will buy more tea and less coffee. As for independent products, the cross-price elasticity of demand as a value of Zero as an alteration in the price of one product does not affect the demand of the other. According to the kinked curved model of an oligopoly, each company deals with two market demand curves of any of its products (Masking Tirole 1988). When the price is high the demand curve will be relatively elastic and when it is low demand will be relatively inelastic; when the two intersects the kinked?demand curve is shown. The kinked-demand curve is a characteristic of oligopolistic because of the type of competition coming from the other oligopolies in the market. In case of an increase in price oligopolies usually do not copy each but in the case of a decrease, they usually copy other. For example, in the auto industry, if Ford increases the prices of its products, GMC will not follow with an increase in the price of its products. But if GMC was to decrease the price of its products Ford will follow immediately with a decrease of its own. Reference list Deaton, A.1987. Estimation of own- and cross-price elasticities form household survey data. Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 36. Available from: https://www.princeton.edu/~deaton/downloads/Estimating_Own_and_Cross_Price_Elasticities.marketing . [13 September 2017]. Khan, S. 2012. Income Elasticities of Demand for major consumption items. Case study of Kashmir University Teachers. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 2. Avialable from: https://www.ijsrp.org/research_paper_jun2012/ijsrp-June-2012-85.pdf . [13 September 2017]. Masking, E Tirole, J. 1988. A theory of dynamic oligopoly, II: Price competition, kinked demand curves, and Edgeworth cycles. Econometrica, vol. 56, no. 3. Available https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/maskin/files/a_theory_of_dynamic_oligopoly_ii_price_competition_kinked_demand_curves_and_edgeworth_cycles.pdf . [13 September 2017].